Trends and Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30442/Keywords:
Adolescents, Family Planning, Modern Contraceptives Use, Trend and DeterminantsAbstract
Background: Modern contraceptive use (MCU) among married adolescents aged 15–19 years is notably low and eventually affects the fertility rate and leads to unwanted pregnancies.
Objective: To analyze factors associated with modern contraceptive use by utilizing a secondary dataset from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2012 and 2017.
Methods: This study's sample consisted of married adolescents aged 15–19, with 890 and 670 samples obtained from the 2017 and 2012 datasets. The relationship between modern contraceptives and independent variables was analyzed using simple logistic regression tests in bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression tests in multivariate analysis.
Results: The use of modern contraceptives among married adolescents aged 15-19 years according to IDHS 2012 was identified in 424 individuals (47.64%). IDHS 2017 identified 307 (43.8%). The number of living children ≥1 person [AOR=20.61; 95% CI=12.18- 34.88], parity ≥1 [AOR=15.76; 95% CI=8.54- 29.08], and a working husband [AOR=7.97; 95% CI=2.61- 24.27] significantly influence modern contraceptive use.
Conclusion: According to this study, in 2012, the dominant factors in the use of modern contraception among adolescents were the numbers of living children and the husband’s employment status, while in 2017, the dominant factors were parity and literacy. To maintain the fertility rate in Indonesia, governments need to improve Family Planning services at every level of society and provide interventions according to the relevant age groups
References
1. Kisambira S, Schmid K. Selecting adolescent birth rates (10-14 and 15-19 years) for monitoring and reporting on Sustainable Development Goals [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd_2022_tp_selecting-abr-data-for-sdg-reporting.pdf
2. Kemenkes. Pedoman Pelayanan Kontrasepsi dan Keluarga Berencana [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Apr 8]. 286 p. Available from: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1u7p28u92LK5vl1hVmHFOLxk2PLuDoFqc/view
3. UNFPA. Evaluation of the UNFPA 9th country programme of assistance to the government of Indonesia. Final report [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Dec 8]. Available from: https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/CPE_Indonedia.pdf
4. WHO. Family Planning a Global Handbook For Providers [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2024 Nov 20]. Available from: https://fphandbook.org/sites/default/files/WHO-JHU-FPHandbook-2022Ed-v221115a.pdf
5. Christin-Maitre S. La contraception à travers le monde. Médecine/Sciences. 2022;38(5):457–63. doi:10.1051/medsci/2022058
6. BKKBN. Rencana Strategis BKKBN 2020-2024 [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Dec 8]. Available from: https://e-ppid.bkkbn.go.id/assets/uploads/files/b632f-renstra-bkkbn-2020-2024.pdf
7. Nsanya MK, Atchison CJ, Bottomley C, Doyle AM, Kapiga SH. Modern contraceptive use among sexually active women aged 15-19 years in North-Western Tanzania: Results from the Adolescent 360 (A360) baseline survey. BMJ Open. 2019;9(8). doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030485 PubMed PMID: 31467055.
8. Hadianti DN, Siregar KN, Yanti RD, Farhati, Supriatna D. Modern Contraceptive Use in Adolescent and Young Women: A Systematic Literatur Review. Proceeding of The 6th International Conference on Interprofessional Health Collaboration and Community Empowerment (ICIHCCE). 2023;5(No. 1). doi:https://doi.org/10.34011/icihcce.v5i1.266
9. Casey SE, Gallagher MC, Kakesa J, Kalyanpur A. Contraceptive use among adolescent and young women in North and South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A cross-sectional population-based survey. PLoS Med . 2020. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003086
10. Todd N, Black A. Contraception for adolescents. JCRPE Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology [Internet]. Galenos Yayincilik,; 2020 [cited 2025 Apr 8]: 28–40. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32041390/ doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.S0003 PubMed PMID: 32041390.
11. Bellizzi S, Pichierri G, Menchini L, Barry J, Sotgiu G, Bassat Q. The impact of underuse of modern methods of contraception among adolescents with unintended pregnancies in 12 low- and middle-income countries. J Glob Health. 2019;9(2):1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.09.020429 PubMed PMID: 31673342.
12. BKKBN, BPS, Kemenkes. Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012 [Internet]. 2013. Available from: www.measuredhs.com.
13. BKKBN, BPS, Kemenkes. Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2017 [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://www.DHSprogram.com.
14. Kebede, Abaya SG, Merdassa E, Bekuma TT. Factors affecting demand for modern contraceptives among currently married reproductive age women in rural Kebeles of Nunu Kumba district, Oromia, Ethiopia. Contracept Reprod Med. 2019;4(1):1–16. doi:10.1186/s40834-019-0103-3
15. Ajayi K V., Panjwani S, Wilson K, Garney WR. Using the Social-Ecological Model to Understand the Current Perspective of Contraceptive Use in the United States: A Narrative Literature Review. Women. 2021;1(4):212–222. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/women1040019
16. United Nations. World Fertility and Family Planning 2020. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Dec 8]. 1–42 p. Available from: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/family/World_Fertility_and_Family_Planning_2020_Highlights.pdf
17. Mekonnen A, Odo D, Nigatu D, Amare N, Tizazi M. Determinants of adolescents’ contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia: a systematic review of literature. Contracept Reprod Med. 2022. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-020-00132-7
18. Scott RH, Wellings K, Lindberg L. Adolescent Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Pregnancy in Britain and the U.S.: A Multidecade Comparison. Journal of Adolescence Health. 2020;66(5):582–588. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.11.310
19. Lee H, Kindane EG, Doh YA, Nam EW. Determinants of modern family planning methods in Ethiopia: A community-based, cross-section mixed methods study. Dialogues in Health. 2022;1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100025
20. Kurniawati TY, Sihombing L, Ratrikaningtyas P. Peer communication about contraception knowledge of early adolescent in urban areas. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS). 2023;12 (4). doi:http://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i4.22267
21. Fenta SM. Predictors of modern contraceptive usage among sexually active rural women in Ethiopia : A multi-level analysis. Arch Public Health . 2021;4(79(1):93.):1–10. doi:10.1186/s13690-021-00621-4.
22. Sitkulanan P, Chaisitsanguan K, Winaiprasert P, Krutwong A. A determination of the influence of birth control among minority women in thailand: a qualitative study. Journal of Public Health and Development. 2023;21(2):40–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2023/210204
23. Haq I, Ismail HM, Moshiur RM , Injamul HM, Talukder A, Jakaria HM, et al. Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Contraceptive Practice among Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh: A Hierarchical Machine Learning Classification Approach. 2022;1–19. doi:10.5772/intechopen.103187
24. Kebede SD, Mamo DN, Adem JB, Semagn BE, Walle AD. Machine learning modeling for identifying predictors of unmet need for family planning among married/in-union women in Ethiopia: Evidence from performance monitoring and accountability (PMA) survey 2019 dataset. PLOS Digital Health. 2023;2(10):e0000345. doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000345
25. Woldeamanuel BT, Gessese GT, Demie TG, Handebo S, Biratu TD. Women’s education, contraception use, and high-risk fertility behavior: A cross-sectional analysis of the demographic and health survey in Ethiopia . Front Glob Womens Health. 2023; 4. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2023.1071461
26. Thongnopakun S, Pumpaibool T, Visanuyothin S, Rodjarkpai Y, Manwong M. Effects of a safe sex program for increasing health literacy intention and practice to prevent pregnancy among undergraduates in Thailand. Journal of Public Health and Development [Internet]. [cited 2025 Apr 9]. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/AIHD-MU/article/view/245682/167694
27. Priskatindea, RS. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Alat/Cara KB dengan Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Modern pada Wanita Kawin Usia Remaja di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia (Analisis Data SDKI 2017). Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia. 2021;5(1):9–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.7454/epidkes.v5i1.4455
28. Atchison CJ, Mulhern E, Kapiga S, Nsanya M, Crawford EE, Mussa M, et al. Evaluating the impact of an intervention to increase uptake of modern contraceptives among adolescent girls (15–19 years) in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania: the Adolescents 360 quasi-experimental study protocol. BMJ Journal. 2018;8(5). doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021834
29. Arije O, Hlungwani T, Madan J. “They will judge you more like a parent instead of like a health practitioner”: Perceptions and preferences of young people regarding sexual and reproductive health services in Southwest Nigeria. Dialogues in Health. 2022;1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-02183410.1016/j.dialog.2022.100051
30. Ouédraogo AM, Baguiya A. Predictors of contraceptive method discontinuation among adolescent and young women in three West African countries (Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger). BMC Women’s Health Article No 261. 2021. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01326-0
31. Comarch S.A. How to Prepare for Generation Y and Z Patients [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Dec 8]. Available from: https://www.comarch.com/healthcare/white-paper-how-to-prepare-for-generation-y-and-z-patients/
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Annals of Health Research (The Journal of the Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria, OOUTH, Sagamu, Nigeria)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The articles and other materials published in the Annals of Health Research are protected by the Nigerian Copyright laws. The journal owns the copyright over every article, scientific and intellectual materials published in it. However, the journal grants all authors, users and researchers access to the materials published in the journal with the permission to copy, use and distribute the materials contained therein only for academic, scientific and non-commercial purposes.
